Budget Impact Analysis Of Empagliflozin In The Treatment Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Established Cardiovascular Disease In South Africa
OBJECTIVES : This study aimed to estimate the budget impact and affordability of empagliflozin added to usual care compared with usual care alone, in a diabetic population with established cardiovascular disease, from a private healthcare payer perspective in South Africa. METHODS : A budget impact model was adapted and localized. Epidemiological data were obtained from the South African Council for Medical Schemes. Clinical event rates were sourced from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial and drug costs from list prices. Clinical event costs were derived from a claims data analysis of the South African private healthcare sector and microcosting. Scenario analyses were performed on select inputs. The modeled outcomes included annual budget impact of empagliflozin, the incremental cost per life per month, cardiovascular deaths averted, and incremental cost per life saved, over 3 years. RESULTS : A total of 9 503 patients were eligible for empagliflozin (year 1), 12 670 (year 2), and 16 947 (year 3). The incremental cost was $1 272 297, $1 764 705, and $2 455 235, for years 1 to 3, respectively. The incremental cost per beneficiary per month was calculated as $0.012 (year 1), $0.016 (year 2), and $0.023 (year 3). The model estimated a 38.6% reduction in cardiovascular deaths, 305 lives saved, and an incremental cost per life saved of $17 999. CONCLUSIONS : Adding empagliflozin to usual care has a marginal budget implication and is highly affordable for private healthcare payers, with an acceptable incremental cost based on clinical outcomes.